The period between now and year-end marks a historically bullish final stretch of the year for U.S. stocks, particularly just before and after Christmas. The question for investors is whether favorable seasonal factors will be outweighed by economic fundamentals.
The momentum toward a year-end rush to stocks seems to only be getting stronger now that the S&P 500 SPX,
Dow industrials DJIA,
Major indexes logged gains in a holiday-shortened Thanksgiving week, with the Dow up 1.8%, the S&P 500 gaining 1.5% and the Nasdaq Composite advancing 0.7%.
And then there’s a seasonal end-of-year tailwind. According to Dow Jones Market Data, the S&P 500 has risen 71% of the time in the stretch from Thanksgiving to year-end, based on figures going back to 1950. On average, the large-cap benchmark has risen 1.8% in that period. Such data can be a rough guide for investors, but is no guarantee of performance in a given year, as the red lines in the chart below illustrate.
That favorable seasonal pattern appears set to collide with fears that 2023 could bring stagflation: the worst-of-all-possible economic outcomes and one that investors would be hard-pressed to be prepared for. Stagflation is defined as a period of slow economic growth plus persistently high inflation, a dynamic that may already be under way in the U.S.
Warnings of a possibly deep U.S. recession ahead are flashing regularly in the bond market, where the widely followed spread between 2- TMUBMUSD02Y,
U.S. growth turned positive in the third quarter and inflation appears to be easing, based on October’s consumer-price index in which the annual headline rate dropped to 7.7% from 8.2% previously. Yet price gains are not coming off fast enough for the Federal Reserve to completely abandon rate hikes, which could tip the world’s largest economy into a downturn.
“The tricky part for investors in a stagflation scenario would be confusion over where to invest,” said Mark Neuman, founder of Atlanta-based Constrained Capital and creator of the ESG Orphans Index which tracks stocks with $3 trillion in combined market capitalization. “In a stagflation environment, there’s no defense for central banks. And if we are going into a stagflation environment, where does that leave investors?”
Via phone, Neuman said that “there’s always going to be sectors that act better than others, and I think the commodity patch is where I would look. I would continue to look at under-owned, under-invested and necessary areas, which makes commodities very interesting.”
The past month’s gains in equities and declines in the 10-year yield and ICE U.S. Dollar Index DXY,
Adding to the past month’s bullish tone in stocks has been October’s stronger-than-expected retail sales plus a weaker-than-expected producer-price report, both of which show that “the economy is holding up well, despite the ongoing rise in short-term rates,” said Sam Stovall, chief investment strategist for CFRA Research in New York.
“Seasonality will offer a bit of a lift to stocks toward the end of the year, and I think investors are expecting the Federal Reserve to hike by 50 basis points in December and maybe not be all that hawkish in their statement,” Stovall said via phone. “Right now, the stock market is assuming we don’t fall into a recession or, if we do have a recession, it will be mild and that the Fed will likely lower interest rates in the latter part of 2023.”
He said that CFRA’s economic outlook calls for the U.S. economy to narrowly miss a recession, yet still fall into stagflation, followed by a U-shaped, rather than a V-shaped, recovery.
“If the direction of inflation continues to be downward — that is, inflation gradually but consistently falling — that would be enough to make investors feel pretty good in my opinion,” Stovall told MarketWatch. “In addition, we are expecting to see an improvement in corporate profit growth as we move into 2023.”
According to Stephen Suttmeier, chief equity technical strategist for BofA Securities, the last 10 trading sessions of December through the first 10 sessions of January have proven to be a bullish period for the S&P 500, time and time again: The index is up 72% of the time on an average return of 1.19% during the last 10 trading sessions of December, he said. That strength tends to carry over into the new year, with the S&P 500 up 64% of the time on an average return of 0.72% during the first 10 days of January.
Mark Hulbert: ‘Santa Claus rally’ for stocks is likely this year — but you won’t be opening presents until after Christmas
Those year-end seasonal factors run alongside a well-known pattern that has seen stocks put in their best performance over a six-month stretch beginning in November.
The six-month period from November to April tends to particularly favor equities across a swath of cyclical stocks, according to strategist Rob Anderson and analyst Thanh Nguyen at Ned Davis Research. NDR’s Broad Cyclical Index, which includes the industrial, consumer-discretionary and materials sectors, has outperformed a defensive basket made up of staples, healthcare, utility and telecommunications companies, on average, between those six months since 1972.
They also said that technical reasons support the case for a year-end rally in U.S. stocks, while noting that “outside forces can overwhelm seasonal trends.”
So, how to salvage a year that feels like one lump of coal after another? How about harvesting some tax-loss castoffs.
Vivien Lou Chen is a Markets Reporter for MarketWatch. You can follow her on Twitter @vivienlouchen.
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